Sarata

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Ushbu maqola Sarata (disambiguation) haqidadir. {{{2}}} soʻzining boshqa maʼnolari uchun [[{{{3}}}|bu yerga]] qarang.SarataСаратаShahar tipidagi aholi punkti

46°1′23.520″N 29°39′47.326″E / 46.02320000°N 29.66314611°E / 46.02320000; 29.66314611 G OKoordinatalari: 46°1′23.520″N 29°39′47.326″E / 46.02320000°N 29.66314611°E / 46.02320000; 29.66314611 G OAholisi (2001)

5 200Vaqt mintaqasi

UTCEET

[[File:|290px|Sarata xaritada]]Sarata

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Sarata (ukrain, bolgar va ruscha: Сарата  ; rumincha: Sărata) — Ukraina janubi-gʻarbiy qismidagi Odessa viloyatidagi shahar tipidagi aholi punkti. Bu Budjakning Bessarabiya tarixiy tumanining bir qismi. Aholi soni: 4,227

Tarixi[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

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Usmonlilar davri[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

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Sarata daryosi vodiysi va unga tutash Moldaviyaning boshqa hududlari 1484-yilda Sulton Boyazid II tomonidan Cetatea Alba (turkcha : Akkirman, ukraincha: Bilgorod Dnistrovskiy) va Chiliyani egallagan, keyin Usmonlilar tarkibiga kirdi. Sarata XVI asrdagi Usmonli soliq registrlarida tez-tez aytilhan, lekin 1597-yilgacha bu nomdagi aholi punkti mavjud emas. Bu vodiy Sulton Salim I tomonidan Makka va Madina manfaati uchun 1517-yilda qoʻlga kiritilgan Budjak hududiga tegishli bo'lgan[1][2][3]. 1610-yilda "Sarata qozi" tatar zodagonlari (mirza) bilan daryo vodiysida yashovchi ko'chmanchi tatar aholisi ustidan yurisdiktsiya to'g'risida nizoga aralashdi[4]. XVII asr oʻrtalarida Usmonli sayyohi Evliya Chalabiy qishlogʻini Sari Ata deb atagan. U aytishicha, bu yerda koʻpchilik tatarlar yashagan va u yerda Sari Ata (tatar/turkcha “Sariq ota”) ismli soʻfiy tasavvufchining qabrini topgan[5]. Bu Evliyo Chalabiy Saratadan Saratadan paydo bo'ganini bildiradi.Chunki gidronim aslida ruminch "[apă] sărată" - "sho'r suv" ga borib taqaladi.

Rossiya hukmronligi ostidagi Germaniya mustamlakasi[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

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Bessarabiya Rossiya imperiyasiga 1812 -yilda Buxarest shartnomasiga binoan, Usmonli vassali Moldaviya knyazligidan qo'shni Usmonli Budjak bilan birga berib yuborilganidan keyin keldi. Yangi sotib olish kolonizatsiya uchun mo'ljallangan va dastlab Yangi Rossiyaning general-gubernatoriga topshirildi. Tsar Aleksandr I 1813-yilgi manifestda nemis mustamlakachilarini Yangi Rossiyaning yangi egallab olingan dasht yerlarini mustamlaka qilish uchun mamlakatga chaqirgan. Bu yerda, 1822-yilda nemis emigrantlari ajratilgan 16 000 desyatin (taxminan 18 000 ga) da Sarata va uning qishloq xo'jaligi yerlarini qayta tiklaganlar. Qishloq dastlab 24 Bessarabian-Germaniya asosiy koloniyalaridan biri bo'lib, keyinchalik filiallari qo'shilgan.

Ignaz Lindl
1822-yilda bu yerga kelgan emigrantlardan 70 ga yaqin muhojir oilalar Bavariya va Vyurtembergdan bo'lgan. Ularning rahbari pastor Ignaz Lindl ham Oilalar katolik va protestant diniga mansub bo'lganOdessaga ko'chib o'tish uchun ular 1822-yil 19- martda yopiq vagonlarda Sarata daryosiga kelishdi va u yerda qishloqni qurdilar. Giengen an der Brenzlik boy savdogar Kristian Fridrix Verner 1823-yilda 63 yoshida ularga qo'shildi, biroq bir necha oydan keyin Saratada vafot etdi. Verner o'zining 25 ming rubl kumush boyligini Sarata jamoasiga vasiyat qildi. Ushbu mablag'dan taxminan 1843=-yilda cherkov qurildi va 1844-yilda Verner Evangelist nemis o'qituvchilarini tayyorlash kolleji (Evangelisch-deutsche Lehrerbildungsanstalt Verner), ya'ni, donor nomi bilan Verner maktabi deb ataladi. Bu chor imperiyasidagi nemis tilida so‘zlashuvchi o‘qituvchilar tayyorlaydigan birinchi va Bessarabiyadagi yagona muassasa bo'lgan.

Dindorlar orasida - Germaniya, Sankt-Peterburg va Bessarabiyada 10 000 ga yaqin odam uning va'zlariga kelgan - Lindlning ham dushmanlari bor edi. Podshoh oldida unga tuhmat qilib, uni xalq qo‘zg‘olonchisi va mazhab yetakchisi deb aybladilar. Bundan tashqari, katolik ruhoniysi sifatida muqaddas bo'lisa ham u uy bekasi sifatida turmushga chiqdi. Natijada, Lindl 1823-yilda rus podshosi tomonidan quvib yuborilgan. Vernerning biznes sherigi Gottlib Veygel protestant bo'lgan Sarata jamoatining meri lavozimini egallagan. U Lindl tomonidan kiritilgan mulk jamiyatini tugatdi va yerni oilalarga taqsimladi. Sarataning 16000 desyatinlik asl yerida 1830-yillarda Gnadental va Lixtentalning Bessarabiya-Germaniya qishloqlari ham tashkil etilgan.

XX asrda[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

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1917-yilda Moldova Demokratik Respublikasi Bessarabiya chegaralarida, ya'ni Sarata shahrida mustaqilligini e'lon qildi.

1918-yil 27-martda Bessarabiyaning Ruminiya bilan ittifoqidan so'ng, Sarata qishlog'i Ruminiya tarkibiga kirdi, Cetatea Alba okrugining Tatar-Bunar tumanida. Keyinchalik, okrugni qayta tashkil etish orqali Sarata kommunasi (joyning yangi nomi) Sarata tumani tarkibiga kiritildi, lekin u tuman markazi roliga ega emas. O'sha paytda aholining ko'pchiligi nemislar bo'lib, yahudiylar va ukrainlar ko'proq edi. 1930-yildagi aholini ro'yxatga olishda ma'lum bo'lishicha, qishloqning 2661 nafar aholisidan 1948 nafari nemislar (73,21%), 316 nafari yahudiylar (11,88%), 173 nafari ukrainlar (6,50%), 89 nafari ruslar (3,34%), 75 nafari ruminlar (28). %), 38 bolgar (1,43%), 13 ta polyak, 3 ta chex, 2 ta arman, 1 ta venger va 1 ta serb.

Urushlararo davrda bu yerda temir yoʻl vokzali, davlat kasalxonasi, mehribonlik uyi, qariyalar uyi faoliyat koʻrsatgan. “Iakob Staib” qishloq xoʻjaligi mashinalari zavodi ham bo'lhan.

1924-yilda Sarata qishlog'i (Tatarbunardan 24 km shimolda) " Tatarbunar qo'zg'oloni " deb nomlangan qo'zg'olonni boshlagan bolsheviklar tomonidan ishg'ol qilinmagan. Ularning isyoni Bessarabiyaning ruminiyalik dehqonlari va nemis ko'chmanchilari tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlanmadi.

15-sentabrdan 16-sentabrga o'tar kechasi Achmangitdagi jandarmeriya posti qo'mondoni Sarata qishlog'iga qochishga muvaffaq bo'ldi va u yerda 40 ta etnik nemis ko'ngilli guruhini to'pladi. 16-kuni tongda ko‘ngillilar Ivan Bejan boshchiligidagi qo‘zg‘olonchilarga qarata o‘q uzdilar va kommunistlar qo‘shin yaqinlashayotganini eshitib, Tatarbunarga chekinmaguncha bir necha soat jang qildilar. Qo'zg'olonni bostirish uchun Ruminiya hukumati Ruminiya armiyasining III korpusi va dengiz piyoda bo'linmasidan artilleriya qo'shinlarini yubordi. Cetatea Albaning birinchi harbiy qismlari 1924-yil 16-sentyabr kuni kechqurun hududga etib kelishdi va Tatarbunar va Achmangit o'rtasidagi ko'prikda isyonchilarga qarshi jang qildilar va Ivan Bejanni (Koltsov) otib o'ldirdilar.

1940-yil yozida Gitler-Stalin pakti tomonidan qoplangan Bessarabiya Sovet Ittifoqi tomonidan bosib olingandan so'ng, 1600 ga yaqin Bessarabiya-Germaniya mahalliy aholisi 1940-yilning kuzida Germaniya reyxiga va nemislar tomonidan bosib olingan hududlarga ko'chirishga qo'shildi. Heim Ins Reich ".

Sarata shahrida tug'ilgan taniqli shaxslar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

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Immanuel Winkler (1886—1932), Sarata shahrida tug'ilgan, 1911-1918 yillarda Xoffnungstalda ruhoniy va "Nemis millatiga mansub rus fuqarolarining butun Rossiya uyushmasi" bosh qo'mitasining raisi.
Grigore Nikulesku-Buzeşti (1908—1949), ruminiyalik siyosatchi
Xaynts Schöch (1940-yilda tug'ilgan), nemis huquq professori va kriminolog
Xennadiy Xanyev (1990-yilda tug'ilgan), futbolchi
Vladislav Supryaxa (2000-yilda tug'ilgan), futbolchi

Qo'shimcha o'qish[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

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Christian Fieß: Heimatbuch Sarata: 1822-1940 . Muhlacker: [Selbstverlag], 1979 yil.
Immanuel Vagner: Geschichte der Gründung der Kolonie Sarata 1822–1832 . Shtutgart-Myuhlacker: Heimatmuseum der Deutschen aus Bessarabien, 1967 yil.
Woldemar Zurkan: Sarata und die Wernerschule. Aus der Geschichte der Auswanderung . Kornwestheim: [Selbstverlag], 1996 yil.
Schweizer Illustrierte, Schaba ein Schweizerdorf das niemand kennt, 1933 (Digitalisat).

Manbalar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

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↑ Chirtoagă, Ion. Târguri și cetăți din sud-estul Moldovei (secolul al XIV-lea — al inceputul secolului al XIX-lea). Chişinău: Editura Prut International, 2004 — 210-226 bet. 

↑ .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}Keleş, Hamza. „Akkerman Sancağı'nda Yavuz Sultan Selim Han Vakıfları“. G.Ü. Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 21-jild. 179–188-bet.

↑ Güler, Mustafa. Osmanlı Devleti'nde haremeyn vakıfları (XVI-XVII. yüzyıllar), Istanbul, 2002. 

↑ Başer, Alper. Bucak Tatarları (1550—1700). Unpublished PhD. Afyonkarahisar: Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, 2010 — 201-202 bet. 

↑ Evliyâ Çelebi Seyahâtnamesi Dağlı: . Istanbul: YKY, 2003 — 201a bet. 

kmt
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Smoline
Ustynivka
Vilshanka
Vlasivka
Yelyzavethradka
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Znamianka DruhaKyev viloyati
Kyev
Bila Tserkva
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Brovary
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Fastiv
Obukhiv
Vyshhorod
Berezan
Bila Tserkva
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Boryspil
Brovary
Bucha
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Fastiv
Irpin
Kaharlyk
Myronivka
Obukhiv
Pereiaslav
Pripyat
Rzhyshchiv
Skvyra
Slavutych
Tarashcha
Tetiiv
Ukrainka
Uzyn
Vasylkiv
Vyshhorod
Vyshneve
Yahotyn
Babyntsi
Baryshivka
Borodianka
Borova
Chabany
Doslidnytske
Dymer
Hlevakha
Hostomel
Hrebinky
Ivankiv
Kalynivka, Brovary tumani
Kalynivka, Fastiv Raiont
Kalyta
Klavdiievo-Tarasove
Kodra
Kotsiubynske
Kozhanka
Kozyn
Krasiatychi
Makariv
Nemishaieve
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Volodarka
Vorzel
ZghurivkaLugansk viloyati
Lugansk
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Shchastia
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Antratsyt
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Chervonopartyzansk
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Krasnodon
Kreminna
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Lutuhyne
Lysychansk
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Popasna
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Verkhnia KrasniankaLviv viloyati
Lviv
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Lviv
Sambir
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Lviv
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Peremyshliany
Pustomyty
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Skole
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Hirnyk
Hnizdychiv
Ivano-Frankove
Krakovets
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Kulykiv
Lopatyn
Maheriv
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Nemyriv
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Novyi Yarychiv
Nyzhankovychi
Olesko
Pidbuzh
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Pomoriany
Rozdil
Rudne
Shchyrets
Shklo
Skhidnytsia
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Stara Sil
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Verkhnie Synovydne
Zapytiv
Zhuravne
ZhvyrkaMykolaiv viloyati
Mykolaiv
Bashtanka
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Pervomaisk
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Mykolaiv
Novyi Buh
Nova Odessa
Ochakiv
Pervomaisk
Snihurivka
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Arbuzynka
Berezanka
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Oleksandrivka
Olshanske
Pervomaiske
Pidhorodna
Tokarivka
Veselynove
Voskresenske
Vradiivka
YelanetsPoltava viloyati
Poltava
Kremenchuk
Lubny
Myrhorod
Poltava
Hadiach
Hlobyne
Horishni Plavni
Hrebinka
Karlivka
Khorol
Kobeliaky
Kremenchuk
Lokhvytsia
Lubny
Myrhorod
Poltava
Pyriatyn
Zavodske
Zinkiv
Bilyky
Chornukhy
Chutove
Dykanka
Hoholeve
Hradyzk
Komyshnia
Kotelva
Kozelshchyna
Mashivka
Nova Haleshchyna
Novi Sanzhary
Novoorzhytske
Opishnia
Orzhytsia
Reshetylivka
Romodan
Semenivka
Shyshaky
Skorokhodove
Velyka BahachkaRivne viloyati
Rivne

Dubno
Rivne
Sarny
Varash
Berezne
Dubno
Dubrovytsia
Korets
Kostopil
Ostroh
Radyvyliv
Rivne
Sarny
Varash
Zdolbuniv
Demydivka
Hoshcha
Klesiv
Klevan
Kvasyliv
Mizoch
Mlyniv
Orzhiv
Rafalivka
Rokytne
Smyha
Sosnove
Stepan
Tomashhorod
Volodymyrets
ZarichneSumy viloyati
Sumy

Konotop
Okhtyrka
Romny
Shostka
Sumy
Bilopillia
Buryn
Druzhba
Hlukhiv
Konotop
Krolevets
Lebedyn
Okhtyrka
Putyvl
Romny
Seredyna-Buda
Shostka
Sumy
Trostianets
Vorozhba
Chupakhivka
Duboviazivka
Esman
Khotin
Krasnopillia
Kyrykivka
Lypova Dolyna
Mykolaivka
Nedryhailiv
Nyzy
Shalyhyne
Stepanivka
Svesa
Terny
Uhroidy
Ulianivka
Velyka Pysarivka
Voronizh
Yampil
Znob-NovhorodskeTernopil viloyati
Ternopil

Berezhany
Borshchiv
Buchach
Chortkiv
Khorostkiv
Kopychyntsi
Kremenets
Lanivtsi
Monastyryska
Pidhaitsi
Pochaiv
Shumsk
Skalat
Terebovlia
Ternopil
Zalishchyky
Zbarazh
Zboriv
Druzhba
Hrymailiv
Husiatyn
Koropets
Kozliv
Kozova
Melnytsia-Podilska
Mykulyntsi
Pidvolochysk
Skala-Podilska
Tovste
Velyka Berezovytsia
Velyki Birky
Vyshnivets
Zaliztsi
Zavodske
Zolotyi PotikVinnitsa viloyati
Vinnitsa

Haisyn
Khmilnyk
Mohyliv-Podilskyi
Tulchyn
Vinnytsia
Zhmerynka
Bar
Bershad
Haisyn
Hnivan
Illintsi
Kalynivka
Khmilnyk
Koziatyn
Ladyzhyn
Lypovets
Mohyliv-Podilskyi
Nemyriv
Vinnytsia
Pohrebyshche
Sharhorod
Tulchyn
Zhmerynka
Yampil
Brailiv
Bratslav
Brodetske
Chechelnyk
Chernivtsi
Dashiv
Desna
Hlukhivtsi
Kopaihorod
Kryzhopil
Kyrnasivka
Lityn
Murovani Kurylivtsi
Orativ
Pishchanka
Rudnytsia
Shpykiv
Stryzhavka
Sutysky
Sytkivtsi
Teplyk
Tomashpil
Trostianets
Turbiv
Tyvriv
Vapniarka
Vendychany
Voronovytsia
ZaliznychneVolin viloyati
Volin

Kamin-Kashyrskyi
Kovel
Lutsk
Volodymyr
Berestechko
Horokhiv
Kamin-Kashyrskyi
Kivertsi
Kovel
Liuboml
Lutsk
Novovolynsk
Rozhyshche
Ustyluh
Volodymyr
Blahodatne
Dubyshche
Holoby
Holovne
Ivanychi
Kolky
Liubeshiv
Liublynets
Lokachi
Lukiv
Manevychi
Marianivka
Olyka
Ratne
Rokyni
Senkevychivka
Shatsk
Stara Vyzhivka
Torchyn
Tsuman
Turiisk
ZabolottiaZakarpatye viloyati
Zakarpatye

Berehove
Khust
Mukachevo
Rakhiv
Tiachiv
Uzhhorod
Berehove
Chop
Irshava
Khust
Mukachevo
Perechyn
Rakhiv
Svaliava
Tiachiv
Uzhhorod
Vynohradiv
Batiovo
Bushtyno
Chynadiieve
Dubove
Kobyletska Poliana
Kolchyno
Korolevo
Mizhhiria
Serednie
Solotvyno
Teresva
Ust-Chorna
Velykyi Bereznyi
Velykyi Bychkiv
Volovets
Vylok
Vyshkovo
Yasinia
ZhdeniievoZaparojye viloyati
Zaparojye

Berdiansk
Melitopol
Polohy
Vasylivka
Zaporizhzhia
Berdiansk
Dniprorudne
Enerhodar
Huliaipole
Kamianka-Dniprovska
Melitopol
Molochansk
Orikhiv
Polohy
Prymorsk
Tokmak
Vasylivka
VilnianskJitomir viloyati
Jitomir

Berdychiv
Korosten
Jitomir
Zviahel
Andrushivka
Baranivka
Berdychiv
Chudniv
Korosten
Korostyshiv
Malyn
Olevsk
Ovruch
Radomyshl
Jitomir
Zviahel
Bila Krynytsia
Brusyliv
Buchmany
Bykivka
Cherniakhiv
Chervone
Chopovychi
Dibrova
Dovbysh
Druzhba
Holovyne
Horodnytsia
Horodok
Hranitne
Hryshkivtsi
Huiva
Irshansk
Ivanopil
Kamianyi Brid
Khoroshiv
Kornyn
Liubar
Luhyny
Maryanivka
Myroliubiv
Myropil
Narodychi
Nova Borova
Novi Bilokorovychi
Novohuivynske
Novoozerianka
Ozerne
Pershotravensk
Pershotravneve
Polianka
Popilnia
Pulyny
Romaniv
Ruzhyn
Vakulenchuk
Velyki Korovyntsi
Yablunets
Yemilchyne

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