Ideal gaz

---

Ideal gaz - zarrachalar o'zaro ta'sirga ega bo'lmagan ko'plab tasodifiy harakatlanuvchi nuqta zarralaridan tashkil topgan nazariy gazdir . Ideal gaz tushunchasi juda foydalidir, chunki u ideal gaz qonuniga, holatning soddalashtirilgan tenglamasiga bo'ysunadi va statistik mexanika ostida tahlil qilish mumkin.

Ideal gaz turlari

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Ideal gazning uchta asosiy turi mavjud: 

Ideal gaz qonuni

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Andoza:Ideal gas law relationships.svgAndoza:Ideal gas law relationships.svg

bu yerda

Uchta qonunni birlashtirgandan so'ng, biz quyidagi natijani olamiz




V
∝



n
T

P




{\displaystyle V\propto {\frac {nT}{P}}}


Bu:




V
=
R

(



n
T

P


)



{\displaystyle V=R\left({\frac {nT}{P}}\right)}





P
V
=
n
R
T


{\displaystyle PV=nRT}

.

Ichki energiya

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Ideal gaz holatining boshqa tenglamasi Joulning ikkinchi qonunini ifodalashi kerak, ya'ni ideal gazning qattiq massasining ichki energiyasi faqat uning haroratiga bog'liq bo'ladi.



U
=
U
(
n
,
T
)


{\displaystyle U=U(n,T)}

. Hozirgi maqsadlar uchun ushbu qonunning namunaviy versiyasini quyidagi tarzda yozish qulay bo'ladi:




U
=




c
^




V


n
R
T


{\displaystyle U={\hat {c}}_{V}nRT}


bu yerda

Issiqlik quvvati

---

c
^




V


=


1

n
R



T


(



∂
S


∂
T



)


V


=


1

n
R





(



∂
U


∂
T



)


V




{\displaystyle {\hat {c}}_{V}={\frac {1}{nR}}T\left({\frac {\partial S}{\partial T}}\right)_{V}={\frac {1}{nR}}\left({\frac {\partial U}{\partial T}}\right)_{V}}









c
^




P


=




c
^




V


+
1


{\displaystyle {\hat {c}}_{P}={\hat {c}}_{V}+1}

.
Ma'lumotnomalar

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